Links - Demonstration Experiments

Links
Demonstration Experiments - Chemistry
maintained by Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg

German version

. . . those sciences are vain and full of errors that are not born of experience, the mother of all certainty.
Leonardo da Vinci

The Discovery of Phosphorus by Hennig Brand in 1669
- painted by Joseph Wright
The Shocking History of Phosphorus or Fire from Urine
"More than 300 years ago, in 1669, Hennig Brand, a Hamburg alchemist, like most chemists of his day, was trying to make gold. He let urine stand for days in a tub until it putrified. Then he boiled it down to a paste, heated this paste to a high temperature, and drew the vapours into water where they could condense - to gold. To his surprise and disappointment, however, he obtained instead a white, waxy substance that glowed in the dark. Brand had discovered phosphorus, the first element isolated other than the metals and non-metals, such as gold, lead and sulphur, that were known to the ancient civilisations. The word phosphorus comes from the Greek and means light bearer."

A.D.F. Toy and E.N. Walsh, Phosphorus chemistry in everyday living, 2nd. ed. (Washington: ACS, 1987)

DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: This page contains links to sites that provide information about laboratory experiments and science projects which are potentially dangerous. This information is directed at qualified teachers. With respect to the links found on this page, the author assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the use of the information contained on these pages. By accessing this site and any links from this page you understand and agree to release the author of any liability. If you do not wish to agree to this, please leave this page immediately!

Hint: Looking for something specific? Use the Find command in the Edit menu (or press Ctrl-F) to search for keywords.

Becker Demos

This website contains materials developed in conjunction with Robert Becker of Kirkwood High School in Kirkwood, MO. The webpages were converted from a CD-ROM, available from Synaps. The demonstrations and laboratories are those selected and used by Bob in his classroom. Many of the demonstrations may be assembled in a short time with a limited number of solutions to illustrate a specific point. Some demonstration activities are designated as suitable for either demonstrations or laboratories. If time is short, do a short demonstration with many presentation questions.

Chemie - KKG WHV

Pupils present experiments, which were tested in the context of a working group: • ‘The Snake of Pharao‘ • A chaotic chemical Perpetuum mobile • Saving Lives at Sea • Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction • Formation of a ‘Zinc Tree‘ • Synthesis of Grignard Compounds • Gas chromatographical Analysis of the Gas of a Cigarette Lighter • Fading of crystal violet

Chemistry Activities

• Acid Base Demonstration • Alcohol Breath Analyzer Demonstration • Fluorescence • Halloween Reaction (Old Nassau) • Incredible Shrinking Man Demo • Mystery Putty
• Oxidation-Reduction of Indigo Carmine • Photon-Initiated Reaction-Rocket Launching • Surface Area and Reaction Rates • Polyvinyl Slime • Surface Area and Reaction Rate • Reaction between Gases • Water-Wine-Milk-Beer Demo

Chemistry Learning Center - Lecture Demos

What happens when a rose
is immersed in liquid nitrogen?

The videos are .wmv files. If you are using a Mac, you can download QuickTime Player and Flip4Mac, which is a Windows Media components for QuickTime and can play .wmv files directly in QuickTime Player.

• Combustion of methanol • Electrolysis of water • Igniting a hydrogen filled balloon • Cathode ray tube • Immersing a rose in liquid nitrogen • Ammonium dichromate vulcano • Collapsing can • Addition of bromine • Magnetic liquid oxygen
• Ammonia fountain

Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations

Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations performed and photographed at the University of Leeds.

• Acetylene    • Barking dog    • Benzoylperoxide    • CO₂ tank    • Chemiluminescence    • Chromatography    • Chrome trioxide    • Clock Old Nassau    • Cornflakes    • Cream Cracker
· Cryogenics    • DNPO chemolum    • Diffusion Br₂    • Diffusion H₂    • Ether vap 1    • Ether vap 2    • H₂O₂ cat   · H₂ Cl₂    • HCl + NH₃    • Hg Ag    • Lycopodium 1
• Lycopodium 2    • Mn₂O₇ ethanol    • NH₃ oxidation    • NO₂ aniline    • NO₂ methhydr    • P in O₂    • PbI₂    • Serpent    • Sugar    • Thermite Cr    • Thermite Fe    • Transition met
• Vanadium ox states    • Volcano    • bismuth    • singlet O₂

Combustion of Phosphorous in Oxygen

chymist.com

Demonstrations and hands-on activities on a wide range of topics to fit specific needs and audiences from preschool to teacher in-service and professional scientists.

Chemistry in the Toy Store:
    • Balloons     • Rubber: Make a Rubber Ball     • Chalk Chromatography    • Spin Chromatography    • Flash Screen     • Hopper Popper     • Shrinky Dinks     • Silly Putty    • Slime
· Polyvinyl alcohol Slime     • Glow Slime     • A Bag of Slime    • Polyurethane Foam     • Ooze Ball    • Magic Tree    • Grow Your Own Crystal Tree or Crystal Garden     • Magic Sand
• Play Dough (Monster Flesh)    • Smart/Stupid Balls     • Instant Glop    • Magic Egg
Compleat Chymical Demonstrator:
- Density, Volume and Heat:    • Coke and Diet Coke – a density experiment    • Hot and Cold – separate water by density    • Conservation of Volume and a Solution to the Problem
• Energy of a Peanut – an experiment in calorimetry
- Mixtures:    • Chalk Chromatography: A Method to Separate a Mixture    • Spin Chromatography
- Chemical Reactions:    • The Chemistry of Color Changing Markers    • Chemical Reactions - A Microscale Experiment    • Preparation of Zinc Iodide – tracking a chemical change
• The Thermite Reaction
- Gases and Oxidation:   · The Preparation of Oxygen     • Oxidation: Does Iron Burn?     • Pouring Out a Candle     • Gases and Pressure: Experiments with a 140-mL Syringe     • How Do We Affect the Quality of Our Atmosphere
- Solids:    • Grow an Alum Crystal
- Light and Spectra:    • The Visual Electromagnetic Spectrum     • Build a radio transmitter     • Colored Flames (A safe method with bright colors)     • Build a Hand-Held Spectroscope
• Build an Overhead Projector Spectroscope     • Build an Overhead Projector Polarimeter     • Phosphorescence     • Red Sunset – “red sky at night…”
- Intermolecular Forces:    • Decrease in Volume – mixing two polar substances     • Increase in Volume – reaction of an acid with a base yields     • Forces of Attraction: Drops of Water on a Coin     • Which Will Evaporate First? – visual vapor pressure     • Intermolecular Forces    • Entropy – order ==> disorder
- Kinetics and Equilibrium:    • Colorful Catalysis– observe an activated complex    • Chemical Equilibrium Simulation
- Acids and Bases:    • Acids, Bases, and pH Using Red Cabbage
- Conductivity:    • Two Safe Student Conductivity Apparatus
- Electrochemistry:    • Batteries    • Build a Microcell Fuel Cell
Cooking with Chemistry:
- Butter:    • Butter in a Bottle     • Blender Butter
- Candy Making:    • Partial Thermal Degradation of Mixed Saccharides With Protein Inclusions    • Taffy: Partial Thermal Degradation of a Mixed Saccharides Triol Solution
• Lollipops
- Cheese Making:    • Easy Cheese    • Mozzarella
- Ice Cream:    • Effect of Freezing Point Depression on Mixed Saccharides-Protein Solutions    • Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream
- Pickling:    • Zip-Lock    • Pickles Corned Beef
- Popcorn:    • Popcorn    • Microwave Popcorn
- Potato Chips:    • Potato chips     • Potato Chip Tasting    • Determination of Fat in Potato Chips
- Yeast:    • How Yeast Works     • Philadelphia soft pretzels    • Root beer/Birch beer     • Ginger ale
Forensics:
- Fingerprints:    • Fingerprint Card    • Fingerprint Patterns Fingerprinting    • Fingerprints and Minutiae
- Hair and Fibers:    • Burning Tests for Fibers     • Hair Analysis    • Fiber Analysis T    • Major generic fibers
- Handwriting and Ink Analysis:   · Handwriting Analysis    • nk analysis
- Microscopic Analysis:    • Microscopic Analysis
- Polymer Identification:     • Identification of Polymers
- UV Detection:     • UV Detection Methods
Magic Into Science:    • A Chemical Genie     • Pouring Out a Candle    • Cut and Heal    • Disappearing Water    • The Fireproof Balloon    • Non-burning Paper    • Observations of a Burning Candle     • Silver Flask     • Turning Phenolphthalein Red With Acid    • Red Sunset
Polymer Demonstrations and Activities:    • Polymer Identification Lab    • A Bag of Slime

Classic Chemistry Experiments

This collection of 100 chemistry experiments has been developed with the help and support of teachers throughout the UK. It is designed for both the experienced teacher of chemistry and for those whose first subject is not chemistry in the hope that they can communicate the excitement and wonder of the subject to their students. The are suitable for demonstrations and courses.

Computer-Aided Experiments

Chemical reactions are followed by different measurements (conductivity, pH, temperature, voltage). The analog-digital converters CASSY (Leybold Didactic) and CHEMBOX (IBK electronic + informatic) and the appropriate computer programs are used for interfacing and data-logging. The experiments include: kinetics, electrochemistry, radioactivity and the chemistry of dyes. Real-time graphs can be visualized in a lecture auditorium using a projector (beamer).

Kinetics:     • Hydrolysis of Esters    • Hydrolysis of tertiary Butyl Chloride    • Hydrolysis of Benzoyl Chloride    • Urease Enzyme Reaction    • Reaction of Phenolphtalein with Sodium Hydroxide Solution    • Fading of Triphenylmethane Dyes    • Acid catalyzed Iodination of Acetone     • Bromination of reactive Aromatics     • Reaction of Methylorange with Sn (II)
• Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide catalyzed by Chromate/Dichromate    • Enzymatic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide catalyzed by Catalase     • Addition of Bisulfite to Ketones
Titrations:   · Redox Titrations - Cerimetry, Manganometry, Dichromatometry    • Titration of Fumaric and Maleic Acid
Electrochemistry:    • Lead Acid Battery - Charging and Discharging    • Edison Cell - Charging and Discharging    • Leclanche Cell - Discharging
Radiochemistry:    • Decay of Protactinium-234m - Determination of Half-lifemoon
Dyes:    • Light Absorbance of Cyanidine    • Effect of Auxochromes on the Light Absorbance of Triphenylmethanes    • Effect of Auxochromes on the Light Absorbance of Triphenylmethanes    • Positive Solvatochromism    • Negative Solvatochromism

Experimental set-up

Measuring screen - 'Realtime graph'

Redox Titration

Countertop Chemistry

Chemistry Activities that use chemicals you can find at the grocery or the hardware store

Properties of Matter:     • Dancing Spaghetti   · Combustion    • Law of Conservation of Mass    • Chromatography    • Ziptop Bag Chemistry
Properties of Gases:    • Floating Candles    • Production of Oxygen   · Production of Hydrogen    • Production of CO₂
Micro-Chemistry Reactions:    • Single Replacement Reactions    • Double Replacement Reactions    • Gas-Producing Reactions    • Red, White, and Blue I - Demonstration
Properties of Solutions, Suspensions, & Colloids:    • Rate of Solution - Demonstration    • Ice Cream    • Daffy Density    • Red, White, and Blue II - Demonstration    • Oobleck
• Gluep· Clear Slime Polymer    • Cat's Meow
Acids, Bases, & Indicators:    • Cabbage Juice Indicator    • Invisible Ink    • The Witches' Potion - Demonstration    • What's in a Penny?

Delights of Chemistry

Chemiluminescent Rainbow

This site contains descriptions, photos and small video clips of a large number of good demonstrations

• Blue Bottle    • Making Fire - Fire Without Matches - Magic Fire    • Flammable vapours    • Gold (Golden Rain)    • Smoke (decomposition reaction)    • Old Nassau Colours (modified Landolt Reaction)    • Oscillating reaction - Briggs-Rauscher reaction
• Hydrogen peroxide    • Volcano (Pyrotechnics ‘Vesuvius fire’)    • Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia    • Aniline + Dinitrogen Tetroxide (Attitude rocket motor)   Thermite reaction    • Magnesia Lamp    • Phosphorous Moon    • Barking Dog (chemiluminiscense)    • Luminol - fractionating column (Chemiluminiscense)    • Luminol in flasks (Chemiluminescence)    • DNPO - a Chemiluminescent Rainbow
(Chemiluminescence of oxalate esters)    • Singlet oxygen (Chemiluminescence)    • Light-initiated Reaction of Hydrogen and Chlorine
• Polyurethane    • Starch cream cracker

DEMONSTRATION LAB

The demonstrations contained and referenced herein are listed for the purposes of cataloging and describing chemistry demonstrations, and should only be conducted by qualified chemists who are aware of proper chemical and apparatus usage. Safety precautions such as the use of goggles, aprons, gloves, and so forth are assumed. The following fields are considered: General Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Biological Chemistry. The site contains large number of dramatic demos with accompanying videos or photos:

• Combustion Product of Sulfur    • Dramatizing Isotopes: Deuterated Ice Cubes Sink    • Reaction of Aluminum and Bromine    • Reaction of Iron and Oxygen    • Reaction of Potassium Metal with Bromine     • Reaction of Iron and Sulfur    • Reaction of Zinc and Iodine    • Reaction of Zinc and Sulfur     • Nonburning Dollar Bill    • Ammonia Fountain
• Collapsing Aluminum Can    • Ice Bomb     • Liquid phase of carbon dioxide     • Superconductor     • Vapor Pressure of Pure Liquids     • The Drinking Bird     • Chemiluminescent Ammonia     • Chemical Genie in a Bottle     • Explosions of Lycopodium     • Explosive Decomposition of Nitrogen Triiodide    • Preparation and Properties of Liquid Oxygen
• Phosphorus Writing     • Water Gas Reaction     • Silver Mirror

Nonburning Dollar Bill

Silicate Garden

Light Sticks

Chromatography

Der Tipp des Monats

Doing Chemistry

This site contains a very extensive collection of classical chemistry experiments. Great idea resource!
The experiments grouped by topics:
• Acid-Base    • Atomic Structure    • Bonding    • Chemical Reactions    • Colligative Properties    • Condensed States    • Electrochemistry    • Equilibrium    • Gases    • Instrumentation
• Limiting Reactant    • Measurement    • Moles    • Nuclear Chemistry    • Oxidation / Reduction    • Periodicity    • Photochemistry    • Physical Properties    • Reaction Rates
• Separations    • Solubility    • Solutions    • Stoichiometry    • Transition Elements    • Thermochemistry

Experimentalchemie.de

Fascinating organic and anorganic experiments are presented by Peter Wich. The site contains detailed descriptions of the experiments incl. safety precautions.

Inorganic Chemistry:    • Sundae - reaction of blood with hydrogen peroxide    • Magic letters     • Oscillating iodine clock    • Silver production from old X-ray films     • Self igniting fire
• Silver and gold taler     • Production of seedcrystals    • Blue crystals of copper sulphate    • Colourless alaun crystals    • Natural crystals on stone     • Thermite reaction    • Coin minting with potassium chlorate    • Sparklers    • Flashes under water    • Production of gold dust    • Sunset reaction   · Beer experiment (Landolt reaction)    • Beer experiment (foam)
• Rosa Red Panther - sodium in water    • Magic Color Change    • Magnesium, a fascinating metal (reactivity)    • Magnesium, a fascinating metal (reaction with dry ice)
• Bengal light    • Silver production from electrical scrap    • Reaction of aluminium with bromine    • The magical color change syringe    • Dancing charcoal

Flashes under Water

Silicate Garden

Golden Rain

Organic chemistry:    • Yogurt cups - recycling     • Burning gel    • Manufacture and use of Indigo    • Production of ethene and test procedure    • Gun cotton    • Gummy bears in flaming inferno    • Self igniting platinum spiral    • White sugar ... black coal    • Homemade soap bubbles    • Ice cubes submerged in water    • Chemiluminiscense of singlet oxygen
• Production of soap (curd soap)    • Production of an edible film of starch    • Ammonia Fountain    • Home-made adhesive (reaktive adhesive)    • Home-made adhesive (metal to metal adhesive)    • Money in flames - burning Euro    • Flashes under water    • Production of gold dust    • Cola experiment (rust inhibitor)    • Cola experiment (ingredients)    • Cola Experiment (chemical properties)    • Liquid nitrogen strawberry ice cream    • False or true salmon    • Forensic blood analysis - glowing blood    • Sparkling cigarette     • Silver Mirror - Tollens reagent    • Pastries glazed with caustic soda
Physical chemistry:     • The hot geyser

Experiment des Monats - Archiv

The experiments listed by Axel Schunk are accurately described and presented in a user-friendly style. Some experiments (P) are shown with an overhead projector.

1998
• Chemical Volcano    • Dreams of Alchemists   Energy Storage by chemical Systems     • Color-Detergens    • Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Reaction (P)    • Corrosion Protection
• Recycling Ink • 'Snakes of Pharao!    • Mercury an enzyme poison (P)    • Mineral Chameleon (P)    • Old Nassau Reaction
1999
• Charcoal    • Ion Migration Rate    • Sympathetical Ink (Magic Show)    • Azo-Dyes    • The Rocket of Schilda (Magic Show)    • Reaction of solids    • Alcohol oxidation    • Iodination of acetone
• 'Sunset' (Magic Show)    • Miracle of Color (Magic Show)    • Heat balance of polar bears     • Silver mirror
2000
• Ignitig snow ball (Magic Show)    • From yellow to red: Flavonoides    • Enol-Titration according to K. H. Meyer    • Identification of nitrogen Monoxide    • Iron-Gallus Ink
• Tyndall-Effect    • Homogeneous catalysis    • Ruhemann:s Magenta    • Cobalt-Catalysis    • Indicators shown with a projector (P)    • Quinhydrone (Charge Transfer Complex)
2001
• The Four Elements (Magic Show)    • Solubility of complexes    • TRAUBE:s Cells ('Chemical Garden')    • Malachite-Easter Eggs (Magic Show)    • Urine test strip    • Colored zeolites
• Catalase    • Riboflavin    • Chrome peroxide   · Biuret reaction    • Cellulases in detergents    • Recycling of CDs
2002
• The chemical traffic light     • Ricinus polyester    • Port vine miracle    • Paeonia indicator    • Zinc-Air-Battery    • Liesegang rings    • Selfignition of glycerin    • A funny cocktail
• The bleeding branch of the chest nut    • Xanthoprotein reaction    • Calcium oxalate
2003
• acidic salts    • Simethicon (foam inhibitor)    • Acidic dry ice     • Milk in fruit tea     • from zink to copper    • ermanganate fontaine    • Endothermic reaction     • Zink sulfide
• Inertness of alkanes    • Cu / Zinc local element     • Antacids     • Spectacular 'destruction' of aluminium
2004
• colored iron complexes    • Ascorbic acid    • Amylase in honey    • Diffusion     • Morin (flavone) in yellow wood    • Casein paste    • Thin-layer chromatography of ache pills
• Pulsating champagne glass    • Oxidized complexes of cobalt     • Oil in water    • Cycle of copper    • Synthesis of Fluorescein
2005
• salt complexes    • Test for amino acids    • Fehling reaction    • Reduction of permanganate     • Cystein / Cystin)    • Endothermic sulfur     • Red blue T-shirt (Kongo red)
• Gummybear bath    • Precipitations shown with a projector    • Colors of red wine    • Candle extinguisher    • Green flames (boric acid trimethylester)
2006
· Cold fireworks (Luminol)    • Seliwanoff's test (test for fructose)    • Inhibition of germination (plant hormones)    • Grumbling gummybear    • Liebermann's Reaction (test for cholesterol)
• Potato battery    • Test for alcohol (reduction of chromate)    • molybden and wolfram blue    • Garden soil an ion exchanger    • CO₂ balloons    • Lemon battery     • Miracle candles
2007
· An alternative sylvester rocket (fizzy tablet rocket)     • Yogurt cups    • Specific heat capacity of metals     • Burning iron     • Dissociation of halogenated hydrocarbons    • Super absorber    • Concentration cell    • quantitative determination of ascorbic acid    • Test for alcohol (ammonium-cer-nitrate)    • Pyrolysis of protein    • Hydrolysis of starch and cellulose
• Pyrophoric iron
2008
• Anorganic 'Fluorescein'    • Colored emulsions    • Cigarette flame thrower    • Test for iodate    • Precipitation kinetics    • Thin-layer chromatography - separation of amino acids
• Oscillating iodine clock    • homemade butter     • Separation methods    • Properties of fats     • Test for nitrogen
2009
• Westend of Berlin (cocktail)     • Acetic acid / acetat buffer    • Test for oxalic acid     • Catalytic oxidation of methanol    • Hydrolysis of sugar    • pH values of amino acids     • Fading of crystal violet     • Test for aldehyde    • Chalk chromatography (separation of plant pihments)    • Pills coating     • Chloride in water     • How light is Cola light?

Nassau

Old Nassau Reaction

Experiments in Electrochemistry

These fun and simple experiments can teach the fundamental concepts of Electrochemistry without asking much of the student. As you will see, many of these demonstrations are easily adapted to various configurations and each can be done independently or as part of the full curriculum.
Batteries: Lemon Battery, Daniell's Cell, Concentration Cell, Volta's Pile
Measuring Potentials of Reduction Galvanic Deposition

lemon

Faszination Kaltes Licht

Chemiluminescence

Light & colors on photos and videos

• Phosphorescence • Electroluminiscence • Fluorescence • Chemiluminiscence

Indiana University Chemistry - Lecture Demonstrations

The Nature of Chemistry:    • Density Demonstrations     • How Wide is the Lecture Hall? A Study of Precision    • Kilogram Weight, A Liter Beaker, A Mole     • Why is 0° Fahrenheit What it is?    • Identity of an Unknown Compound    • Density Blocks
Atoms and Elements:     • Paper Chromatography     • Column Chromatography of Plant Pigments in Spinach Extract    • Conservation of Mass. Conservation of Volume?
• Reverse Phase Chromatography: Separation of Food Dyes     • Iron in Breakfast Cereal     • Acidic and Basic Oxides     • Alkali Metal Properties    • Alkaline Earth Metals
• The Elements (Samples of many elements available)    • Periodic Table Construction     • The Alkanes (Samples)    • Tollen’s Test for Aldehydes and Ketones (The Silver Mirror)
Chemical Compounds:    • How Much Sugar is in Bubble Gum     • Conductivity of Solutions and Molten Salts     • Conductivity as an Endpoint Indicator     • The Glowing Pickle
Quantities of Reactants and Products:    • Balancing Chemical Reactions     • Methane/Oxygen Explosion (also Jumping Hydrogen Bottle)    • Combustion of Methanol    • Limiting Reagent     • Kilogram Weight, A Liter Beaker, A Mole    • How Much Sugar is in Bubble Gum     • Collisions Cube - Orientation between Colliding Atoms/Molecules
Chemical Reactions:    • Acids and Carbonates    • Limewater as Indicator of Carbon Dioxide Gas     • Types of Reactions    · Dry Ice “Titration”     • Silver Tree Redox Reaction
• Conductivity of Solutions and Molten Salts    • Conductivity as an Endpoint Indicator    • The Ammonia Fountain    • Tollen’s Test for Aldehydes and Ketones (The Silver Mirror)
• Hydrogen Peroxide Iodine Clock    • Measurements of pH    • Red Cabbage Juice pH Indicator
Energy and Chemical Reactions:     • Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions     • Luminol    • The Specific Heat of Four Different Metals    • The Phosphorus Sun    • The Heat of Solution    • The Dehydration of Sugar by Sulfuric Acid     • The Combustion of Gummi Bears    • Collisions Cube - Activation Energy    • The Acid in Water Puzzle
The Periodic Table:     • Acidic and Basic Oxides    • Alkali Metal Properties (Li, Na, and K react with water)    • Alkaline Earth Metals (Ca samples to show, Mg ribbon to burn)
• The Elements (Samples of Many are Available)    • Periodic Table Construction    • Rare Gases (Small discharge tubes of He, Ne, Ar)    • Halogens    • Space Filling Models of Methane
• Para- and diamagnetism    • Atomic Orbital Models    • Atomic Spectra    • Emission Spectrometry
Covalent Bonding:    • Nylon 6-10    • Polymers    • Polyurethane     • Preparation of Acetylene (an Alkyne)    • The Caving Helmet
Molecular Structures:     • Molecular Geometry and Geometric Isomers     • Molecular Model Sets and Molecular Models    • Comparing Intermolecular Forces in Three Different Gases    • Graphite Prefers Hexane to Water    • Conductivity of Solutions and Molten Salts    • Model: Why Must DNA be Helical?    • Collisions Cube - Molecular Motion of Various Phases
Gases:     • Ammonium Chloride Ring    • Boyle's Law / Absolute Zero / Cartesian Diver    • Collapsing Can    • Fun with Liquid Nitrogen    • Pressure of Water Versus Pressure of Air
• The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Diffusion    • Volume of CO₂ Increases As It Changes From Solid To Gas    • Molecular Motion Simulator    • Pulse Bulb: Demonstrating Kinetic Molecular Theory    • Boyle’s Law in a Vacuum    • Boiling at a Reduced Pressure    • The Ammonia Fountain
Liquids, Solids and Materials:     • The Acid in Water Puzzle    • Critical Temperature    • The Diamagnetic Property of a Superconductor    • Sinking D₂O Cubes, Floating Ice Cubes
• The Atomic Trampoline Amorphous Metal Demonstration     • Happy and Sad Balls    • Space Shuttle Tiles     • Surface Tension    • Bimetallic Strip    • Ball and Ring     • Collisions Cube - Molecular Motion of the Various Phases
Organic Chemicals and Polymers:     • The Alkanes (Samples)    • Colorful Oxidation of Alcohols    • Tollen's Test for Aldehydes and Ketones (The Silver Mirror)    • Nylon 6-10
• Odorivectors    • Optical Activity    • Polymers     • Polyurethane    • Preparation of Acetylene (an Alkyne): The Caving Helmet     • Soap Suds Titration    • Bromination of a Fatty Acid
• A Simple and Colorful Extraction Demonstration
Chemical Kinetics:    • Ash Catalyzes the Combustion of Sugar     • Oscillating Clock Reaction     • Hydrogen Peroxide Iodine Clock     • Catalysis of the Decomposition of H₂O₂
• Oscillating Methanol Explosion     • Surface Area and Reaction Rate     • CoCl₂ Catalyzed Oxidation of Tartaric AcidBy H₂O₂    • The Combustion of Lycopodium Powder
• Combustion of Methanol    • The S_N1 Reaction Mechanism: Hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride    • Collisions Cube - Orientation between Colliding Atoms/Molecules    • Collisions Cube - Activation Energy
Chemical Equilibrium:     • Le Chatelier's Principle (NO₂ – N₂O₄)    • Equilibrium of Nickel Complexes     • Le Chatelier’s Principle Using a Cobalt Complex    • Common Ion Effect
• Collisions Cube - Chemical Equilibrium     • Collisions Cube - Entropy

Alkanes - Samples

Copper Plating a Nail

Solutes and Solutions:    • Heat of Solution    • Solubility of Alcohol: Miscible and Immiscible Liquids    • Saturated and Supersaturated Solutions    • The Tyndall Effect
• Graphite Prefers Hexane to Water    • Osmosis and Semi-Permeable Membranes    • The Golden Penny     • The Effectiveness of Soap vs. Water on Grease Removal
• Emulsification    • The Glowing Pickle    • Graphite Prefers Hexane to Water     • Reverse Phase Chromatography: Separation of Food Dyes
Acids and Bases:    • The Dehydration of Sugar by Sulfuric Acid    • Measurements of pH Using a pH meter    • Red Cabbage Juice pH Indicator     • Buffering Action of Alka-Seltzer
The Rainbow Connection    • A Simple Buffer Demonstration    • Acid in the Eye    • Conductivity (of strong and weak acids and bases)    • Conductivity as an Endpoint Indicator
Additional Aqueous Equilibria:    • Common Ion Effect    • Effect of pH on Solubility    • Sodium Hydroxide and CO₂    • Solubility of Silver Chloride
Thermodynamics:    • Types of Reactions    • Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions    • The Heat of Solution     • The Combustion of Gummi Bears    • The Acid in Water Puzzle
• Collisions Cube - Entropy     • Collisions Cube - Evaporation/Diffusion    • Collisions Cube - Chemical Equilibrium
Electrochemistry:    • Be A Battery    • Copper Plating a Nail    • Electrolysis of Water    • Electroplating     • Combustion of Gummi Bears     • Nernst Equation    • Orange Flash
• Redox Reaction with Manganese    • Zinc-Copper Battery (Salt Bridge or U-Tube)    • The Gallium Beating Heart    • The Blue Bottle Demonstration    • The Fuel Cell Car
Nuclear Chemistry:    • Radioactivity
Chemistry of Main Group Elements:    • Acidic and Basic Oxides    • Alkali Metal Properties     • Alkaline Earth Metals    • The Elements (Samples of many elements available)
• Rare Gases (Small discharge tubes of He, Ne, Ar)    • The Halogens    • Flame Tests    • Molecular Model Sets and Molecular Models    • Soap Suds Titration     • Electrolysis of Water
Chemistry of Transition Elements:    • Changing Coordination Numbers: Nickel Complexes     • Colors of Transition Metal Ions    • The Reaction in a Breathalyzer Test
• Oxidation States of Vanadium    • Precipitates and Complexes of Nickel(II)    • Crystal Field Effects in Octahedral complexes    • The Elements (Samples of many elements available)
• Molecular Geometry and Geometric Isomers

Magic Shows:
• Phosphorus Sun    • The Combustion of Lycopodium Powder    • The Glowing Pickle    • Luminol     • Oscillating Clock    • Silver Mirror    • Liquid Nitrogen    • Hydrogen Balloons with Metal Salts    • The Rainbow Connection    • Elephant's Toothpaste    • Gummy Bear Combustion    • Methane / Oxygen Explosion    • Dry Ice Titration    • Hydrogen Peroxide    • Iodine Clock    • Red Cabbage Juice pH Indicator    • Dehydration of Sugar by Sulfuric Acid    • Alkali Metals    • Nylon 6-10    • Polyurethane    • Collapsing Cand    • Boyle's Law in a Vacuum
• The Bubble Machine    • Happy and Sad Balls •Super Absorbant Polymers    • Using Ninhydrin for Detecting Fingerprints    • Supersaturated Solutions    • Orange Flash    • Blue Bottle Demonstration

Lecture Demonstrations

The Lecture Demonstration Facility exists to provide instructors with the resources that will enable them to illustrate the chemical principles behind their lecture material and in so doing, hopefully, engender a greater understanding of those principles amongst their audience. Video Tapes illustrate a number of demonstrations, subjects and laboratory techniques.

Iron Corrosion

Thermite Reaction

Breathalyzer

Compounds and Elements;     Electrolysis of Water
Thermodynamics:    • Thermite Reaction    • Temperature Dependence of Silver Oxide Formation     • Endothermic reaction of sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid    • Dust Explosion    • HCl Cannon    • Reaction of Magnesium with Dry Ice    • Sugar Dehydration Without Sulfuric Acid
Gases:    • Graham's Law of Diffusion NH₃ and HCl     • The Collapsing Can    • Nitric Acid Acts Upon Copper
Electrons and Atoms:    • Magnetic Susceptibility
Ions and Molecules:    • Tyndall Effect (blue sky-red sunset)
Liquids and Solids:    • Reduced Temperature Boiling with Franklin Flask
Solutions and Salts:    • Beer's Law
Acids, Bases and Buffers:    • Alka-Seltzer Buffer    • Voice activated disappearing color    • Red Cabbage Acid-Base Indicator    • Nitric Acid Acts Upon Copper
Electrochemistry:    • Electrolysis of Water     • Electrolysis of Hydrochloric Acid Solution (HCl Cannon)    • Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell    • Galvanic Cell: Standard Cell Potentials
• Spontaneous plating of copper onto iron     • Weakening of an aluminum can via reaction with Cu(II)    • Iron Corrosion     • Nitric acid acts upon copper
Kinetics:    • Platinum and Ammonia    • Hydrogen and Platinum    • Hydrogen Peroxide and Manganese Dioxide    • Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodide
Equilibrium:    • Equilibrium between Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Organic Reactions:    • Primary Secondary and Tertiary Alcohol Identification     • Breathalyzer: Ethanol Detector    • Sugar Dehydration Without Sulfuric Acid    • Diels-Alder Reaction    • Production and Combustion of Acetylene    • Extraction of DNA
Polymers:    • Nylon Rope Trick
Laboratory Techniques:    • Column Chromatography    • Extraction
Biochemistry:    • Extracting DNA

Lecture Demonstration Movie Sheets

Each sheet provides a quicktime video of the demonstration, a brief description of the materials used, pictures of the equipment used, observations, and explanations.

Please note that the movie sheets contained on this page are only viewable if your browser supports frames!

Index of Experiments

Fundamentals of Measurement:    • The Density of Deuterated Water    • The Cartesian Diver    • Salt Solutions Concentration Gradient    • Coke Density    • Orbitz Fruit Drink    • Volume of Mixing Demonstration
Elements and Compounds:    • An Analogy for Elements Versus Mixtures Versus Compounds    • Metals Versus Nonmetals    • Conductivity Apparatus - Ionic Versus Covalent Compounds
Stoichiometry - Learning How to Count Atoms or Molecules:    • The Sb/I₂ Reaction    • The "Party Popper" Reaction    • The NO/CS₂ Cannon    • Limiting Reagents    • Electrical Conductivity as an Endpoint Indicator    • Introduction to Molarity
Gases:    • Preparing Gases   · Gas Sampling Technique    • Density of CO₂    • The Molecular Dynamics Simulator    • The Collisions Cube Simulator    • Avogadro's Hypothesis
• Atmospheric Pressure I - The Paint Thinner Can    • Atmospheric Pressure II - The Micro Can Crusher   · Dependence of Pressure on the Amount of Gas    • The Boyle's Law Demonstrator    • Boyle's Law - The Weight of a Textbook    • Thermal Expansion of Gases    • The Determination of Absolute Zero    • Quantitative Approach To Charles' Law
• The Universal Gas Law Apparatus    Pressure   · Graham's Law of Effusion    • The Interdiffusion of Gases
Thermochemistry:    • Endothermic Reactions - Ba(OH)₂ * H₂0 + NH₄SCN    • Endothermic Reactions - The Enthalpy of Solution    • Thermite Reaction     • Hydrogen Whistle
• Nitrogen Triiodide    • The NO/CS₂ Cannon    • Picric Acid Explosion    • Chemiluminescence - The Cyalume Lightstick    • Chemiluminescence - Luminol    • Multi-Colored Luminescence of Lucigenin    • Chemiluminescence - Singlet Oxygen     • Chemiluminescence of Tris (2,2'-Bipyridyl) Ruthenium(II) Ion    • Dust Can Explosion - Lycopodium Powder Combustion
• Cool Fire    • The Reaction Between Magnesium and CO₂    • Cork Rockets: The Combustion of Methanol    • The Brass Cannon Demonstration    • Superheated Steam    • Making Sparklers
Miscellaneous Exothermic Reactions:    • Sugar Dehydration    • Methanol/ CrO Combustion    • Dichromate Volcano    • Thermite Alternative    • Smoke Screens    • Air Sensitive Compounds    • Sulfur Oxidation    • Sodium Peroxide Combustion    • Gun Cotton    • Carbide Cannon    • Fire Rocks
The Structure of the Atom:    • Crookes' Tube    • Flame Colors    • Paramagnetic Properties of Fe, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺     • Chemiluminescence - Singlet Oxygen    • Gas Discharge Tubes
The Periodic Table:     • Reaction Between Na and Cl    • Reaction Between Aluminum and Bromine    • The Relative Activity of Metals
The Covalent Bond:    • Conductivity Apparatus - Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds    • Polar vs. Nonpolar Compounds    • Polarity of Solvents    • Solubility Demonstration I - Like Dissolves Like    • Solubility Demonstration II - Extraction    • Liquid Oxygen - Paramagnetism and Color
The Main-Group Metals:     • The Relative Activity of the Alkali Metals    • Quantitative and Qualitative Reactions of Active Metals    • The Chemistry of the Bicarbonate Ion
• The Solvated Electron    • Reaction Between Na and Cl₂    • Reaction Between Aluminum and Bromine    • The Chemistry of Magnesium    • The Reaction Between Magnesium and CO₂
• The Chemistry of Copper    • Total^TM Flakes    • Displacement Reactions of Zinc and Copper Metal    • Making Sparklers

The Chemistry of the Nonmetals:    • The Chemistry of Hydrogen    • The Chemistry of Oxygen    • Plastic Sulfur    • Oxides of Nitrogen    • Mock Sun    • The Chemistry of the Halogens
• Free-Radical Reactions - The H₂/Cl₂ Reaction    • The Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide    • The Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide, II
Acids and Bases:     • Natural Acid-Base Indicators    • Metal vs. Nonmetal Oxides    • The Chemistry of the Bicarbonate Ion    • Strengths of Acids     • Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
• Total^TM Flakes     • The Rainbow Connection Demonstration
Transition Metal Chemistry:    • Silver Mirror    • Silver One-Pot Reactions    • The Chemistry of Chromium    • Oxidation States of Vanadium     • Transition Metal Complexes    • The Effect of Temperature on the Co(H₂O)₆²⁺/ CoCl₄^2- Equilibrium    • Chemiluminescence of Tris(2,2'-Bipyridyl) Ruthenium(II) Ion
The Structure of Solids:    • Crystal Structure - Phase Diagram    • The States of Matter - Starch Solution: Solid or Liquid?    • The Catalytic Combustion Demonstration Unit
Liquids:    • Liquid Air Demonstrations    • Liquid Nitrogen    • Liquid Oxygen and Heated Steel Wool    • Liquid Oxygen and Lit Cigarette    • Liquid Oxygen - Paramagnetism and Color
• Brownian Motion In Liquids    • Diffusion in Liquids     • Boiling Water at Reduced Pressure    • Superheated Steam    • Forces of Cohesion/ Adhesion    • A Solid-Vapor Equilibrium Demonstration    • A Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Demonstration
Solutions:    • Volume of Mixing Demonstration    • Supersaturated Solutions    • Solubility Demonstration I - Like Dissolves Like    • Solubility Demonstration II - Extraction
Gas-Phase Reactions: An Introduction to Kinetics and Equilibrium:    • Aquarium Analogy     • LeChatelier's Principle - The NO₂/N₂O₄ Equilibrium     • The Effect of Temperature on the NO₂/N₂O₄ Equilibrium     • The NO/CS₂ Cannon     • The Brass Cannon Demonstration
Acid-Base Equilibria:    • Electrical Conductivity as an Endpoint Indicator    • Ammonia Fountain    • Buffer Solutions and Acid-Base Indicators    • Simple Buffer Demonstration
• The Rainbow Connection Demonstration    • Chemical Magic - Acid-Base Chemistry    • Electrolysis of Water, Version II
Solubility Product and Complex Equilibria:    • Instant Gold - A Saturated Solution    • The Chemistry of CO₂    • The Orange Tornado    • The Common-Ion Effect    • The Fe(SCN)²⁺/Fe(SCN)₂⁺ Equilibrium    • The Fe(SCN)²⁺/ Fe(SCN)₂⁺ Equilibrium - Expanded Version    • The Co²⁺/ Co(SCN)₄ ^2- Equilibrium    • Combined or Mixed Equilibria of Cu²⁺
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions:    • The Blue Bottle Demonstration    • The Traffic Light Demonstration     • The Photochemcial Blue Bottle Demonstration    • A Reversible Blue-and-Gold Reaction    • Catalytic Oxidation Demonstrations    • The Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide    • The Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide, II
Electrochemisrty:    • Cathodic Protection    • The Electrolysis of Water    • The Electrolysis of Water, Version II     • Galvanic or Voltaic Cells    • Work From a Voltaic Cell    • The Fruit Powered Clock
Chemical Thermodynamics:    • The Effect of Temperature on the NO2/N₂O₄ Equilibrium     • Endothermic Reactions - Ba(OH)₂ * H₂0 + NH₄SCN    • Endothermic Reactions - The Enthalpy of Solution
Chemical Kinetics:     • A Capillary Flow Analogy    • Reduction of Permanganate    • Chemiluminescence--The Cyalume Lightstick    • The Iodine Clock or Landolt Reaction    • The Old Nassau (Gold and Black) Reaction    • The Red-White-and-Blue Demonstration    • The Chemiluminescent Clock Reaction    • The Blue/Amber/Colorless Oscillating Reaction    • A Four-Color Oscillating Reaction     • Free-Radical Reactions - The H₂/Cl₂ Reaction    • The Catalytic Combustion Demonstration Unit    • Catalysts in Living Color    • The Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide    • The Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide, II    • The IO₃^//I₂ Catalyzed Decomposition of H₂O₂    • Formaldehyde Clock Reaction - Red/Green Race
Nuclear Chemistry:    • Radiation Damage To Glass
The Chemistry of Carbon:    • Picric Acid Explosion    • Reactivity of Alkanes and Alkenes    • Photochemical Bromination of an Alkane     • Bromination of Bacon Fat    • Cool Fire
• Cork Rockets: The Combustion of Methanol    • The Brass Cannon Demonstration    • The Combustion of Acetylene    • Spontaneous Combustion Reaction of Acetylene with Chlorine    • The Dehydration of Methylene Glycol Reaction   · Silver Mirror    • Polar vs. Nonpolar Compounds    • Polarity of Solvents    • Solubility Demonstration 1 - Like Dissolves Like    • Solubility Demonstration 2 - Extraction
Polymers: Synthetic and Natural:    • Polymers - Condensation Polymerization of Nylon 6,6    • Distinguishing Between Polyolefins and Poly(Vinyl Chloride)    • Smart Balls / Stupid Balls    • Slime   · Superabsorbent Materials    • The Preparation of Bakelite

Links for Chemists - Educational

Magic & Lecture Demos

This site contains many good chemistry experiments. Description of the procedure is very clear and exactly.

Most Frequently Used Lecture Demos:    • Blue Bottle demo (magic show)    • Bottle Rocket demo, alcohol fueled    • Cabbage pH indicator demo (lecture)    • Crooks tubes demo (lecture)    • Flame test demo (lecture)    • Genie in a Bottle    • Hydrogen Explosion demo (magic Show)    • Layers demo (lecture)    • Magnesium burning demo (lecture)    • Old Nassau demo (magic show)    • Orange Juice demo (magic show)
• Oscillating Reaction demo (magic show)    • Polyvinyl alcohol (aka Slime!) demo (magic show)    • Red, White & Blue demo (magic show)    • Silver / Copper demo (lecture)    • Sodium in water demo (lecture)   • Spectrascopes and element discharge tubes demo (lecture)   • Sulfur and Iron magnetism demo (lecture)

Magic & Lecture Demos only:    • Black Banana demo     • Blue Bottle demo (magic show)    • Bottle Jet Engine demo, alcohol fueled     • Bottle Rocket demo, alcohol fueled    • Cabbage pH indicator demo (lecture)    • Clock Reaction demos - See Old Nassau and Oscillating Reactions    • Collapsing Soda Can demo     • Crooks tubes demo (lecture)    • Drinks demo - Version #1 - 1 color (magic show)    • Drinks demo - Version #2 - 2 color (magic show)    • Drinks demo - Version #3 - 3 color (magic show)    • Flame test demo (lecture)    • Genie in a Bottle    • Hydrogen Explosion de • Luminol demo (magic show)    • Magnesium burning demo (lecture)    • Martini (Super dry) demo (magic show) - (aka Milk shake demo)    • Nylon demo    • Old Nassau demo (magic show)    • Old Nassau experimental notes     • Orange Juice demo (magic show)    • Oscillating Reaction - Briggs-Rauscher demo (magic show)
• Oscillating reaction - Belousov-Zhabotinsky demo(lecture)    • Oscillating reaction - 2 dimensional in space and time - demo (lecture)     • Polyvinyl alcohol (aka Slime!) demo (magic show)    • Red, White & Blue demo (magic show)    • Serpent demo    • Silver / Copper demo (lecture)    • Sodium in water demo (lecture)    • Spectrascopes and element discharge tubes demo (lecture)     • Sulfur and Iron magnetism demo (lecture)    • Super Cold Super Glue demo (magic show)    • Super Cold Super Glue demo (lecture)    • Tower of Foam demo (magic show)    • Tower of Foam (miniature?) demo (magic show)

Boom Chemistry Demos only:    • Bottle Jet Engine demo, alcohol fueled     • Bottle Rocket demo, alcohol fueled     • Genie in a Bottle    • Hydrogen Explosion demo (magic Show)

Microscale Gas Chemistry

This website provides instructions for the generation of gases on a microscale level along with instructions for chemical demonstrations and student laboratory experiments with the gases. This site is designed for use by chemistry teachers at the high school and university level.

Microscale Gas Chemistry

Experiments with Chlorine

NetExperimente.de

The Wax Flamethrower

Experiments are the salt in the soup of sciences! Netexperimente.de provides about 200 physic and chemistry experiments on video for school, college and labs.

Summary

• wine destillation    • lighting a magnesium sharpener with water    • gummibear hell    • breathing fire with lycopodium    • petrol fire    • the chemist`s garden    • magnesium tape burns in CO2    • synthesis of ironoxide    • elephant`s toothpaste    • blue bottle    • fire cone punch    • ammonia fountain    • the snakes of the pharao    • iodine sublimed and resublimed
• exploding balloons    • coal fireflies    • lithium on water    • magnesium reacts with oxygen    • magnesium in steam    • magnesium burns in dry ice    • flour dust explosion    • sodium on water    • petrol in the piezo igniter    • metals in nitric acid    • sulphur burns in oxygen    • sugar reacts with sulphuric acid    • silver and gold    • decomposition of silveroxide    • dry ice sublimates    • colour change by dry ice    • thermite process    • carbondioxide exting a candle    • thermite igniter burns under water    • the wax flamethrower    • hell for a chocolate father christmas    • sparklers under water    • aluminium and bromine    • chemical traffic light    • burning banknote    • a chemical drink    • chemical volcano    • chemiluminescence
• chemiluminescence of blood    • lowing ironwool    • the ice kettle    • electrolysis of an NaCl dilution    • colourful fire    • the fountain in the test tube    • a thunderstorm in the test tube    • the HCl fountain    • iodine and aluminium    • exploding bubbles    • the congo red flag    • cyclohexane balloon molecule    • dancing sodium    • dust explosion    • vampire`s pudding    • the singing hydrogen tin    • oxygen content of air    • titration    • solubility of carbondioxide    • burning of aluminium powder    • detonating wax    • reaction of copper and iodine    • reaction of iron and sulphur    • borax test    • indicator colour play    • bromination of ketchup     • shower of sparks    • reduction of copper oxide with charcoal    • density anomaly of water    • making beer - a different way    • flaming aluminium elimination    • dissolving a ping-pong ball    • noisy dry ice    • iodine and aluminium    • exploding bubbles
• the congo red flag    • cyclohexane balloon molecule    • dancingsodium    • dust explosion    • vampire`s pudding    • the singing hydrogen tin     • oxygen content of air    • titration
• solubility of carbondioxide    • burning of aluminium powder    • detonating wax    • reaction of copper and iodine    • reaction of iron and sulphur    • borax test    • indicator colour play    • bromination of ketchup    • shower of sparks    • reduction of copperoxide with charcoal    • density anomaly of water    • making beer - a different way    • flaming aluminium elimination    • dissolvina ping-pong ball    • noisy dry ice    • burning wax    • smoking in pure oxygen    • reduction of copper oxide with zinc    • smoking socks    • nitrogen oxides in emissions    • zinc and bromine synthesis by electrolysis    • a candle in hydrogen    • sodium in hydrochloric acid    • reduction of copperoxide with iron    • reaction of copper and sulfur    • burning of red phosphorus    • burning snowball    • chemical sunset    • how to boil an egg in the microwave    • careful - burning fat    • effect of strong acids and alkalisy
• cleaning silver    • manufacture of chlorine gas    • zinc and magnesium react with chlorine

Organic Chemistry Demonstration Experiments on Video - Chemistry Visualized

Synthesis of Nylon

Short Movies of Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations (and accompanying procedures and discussions):

Addition Reactions:    • Reaction of Cyclohexene with Bromine    • Addition of Bisulfite to Aldehydes    • Addition of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine to Aldehydes and Ketone
Substitution Reactions:    • Reaction of Butyl Bromide Isomers with AgNO₃    • Hydrolysis of Butyl Bromide Isomers    • Hydrolysis of tertiary Butyl Halogenides    • Iodoform-Reaction - Test for Methyl Ketones     • Azo Coupling
Redox Reactions:    • Oxidation of the Butanol Isomers     • Redoxsystem p-Benzoquinone / Hydroquinone    • Reaction of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers with Ferric Chloride
Test Reactions:    • Fehling's Test for for Reducing Sugars    • Tollens Reaction - Silver Mirror Test for Aldehydes    • Schiff's Reagent    • Biuret Reaction for Proteins    • Xanthoprotein Reaction for Proteins
Keto-Enol-Tautomerism:    • Keto-Enol-Tautomerism of Ethyl Acetoacetate
Carboxylic Acids and Derivates:    • Reaction of Carboxylic Acids with Magnesium    • Acid catalyzed Esterification - Test for Water (formed in this Reaction)    • Cis/trans Isomerization of Maleic Acid
Radicals:    • Oxidation of 1,3,5-Triphenylverdazyl    • Reduction of Viologen Dication     • Wursters Blue    • Reaction of Benzil with Benzoin
Catalytic Reactions:    • Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Catalase    • Phase Transfer Catalysis (PTC) - Host-Guest Chemistry
Kinetics:    • Landolt Reaction - Iodine Clock Reaction    • Briggs-Rauscher Oscillating Reaction     • Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Reaction - an Oscillating Reaction

Dyes:    • Dyeing with Substantive Dyes     • Dyeing with Vat Dyes     • Azo Dye Formation     • Crystal Violet - a pH Indicator
• Positive Solatochromism   · Negative Solvatochromism    • Chemiluminescence - The Glowing Spiral
Chromatographical Separation Methods:    • Separation of Food Dyes by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)    • Separation of Lipophilic Dyes by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
• Separation of Plant Pigments by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)    • Separation of Plant Pigments by Column Chromatography (CC)

Briggs-Rauscher

Belousov-Zhabotinsky

Oscillating Reactions

Synthetics:    • Preparation of a Phenoplast Resin    • Formation of Polyurethane Foam    • Synthesis of Nylon 6,10 - Interfacial Polycondensation
• Synthesis of Nylon 6 (Perlon)
Chemical Technology:     • Foam Plastic Styropor^® - Polystyrene Processing     • Process
Every Day Life Chemistry - Products from the Supermarket:    • The Tragedy of a Nice Beer Foam Head    • Colored Milk Shakes    • True Salmon or Salmon Substitute?    • Cabbage - red or blue?    • Reaction of Leavening Ingredients with the Dye of Mallow Tea    • Starch - widely available in many Foods     • Starch Products: Cream Stabilizer and Tart Glaze
• Test for Amylase in Bee Honey    • Hartshorn Salt - Leavening Ingredient in Baking Soda     • Carbonization of Emser Salt - Formation of a Black "Pharao-Snake"    • Vegetarian and conventional Gummy Bears    • Chlorophyllin keeps Canned Vegetable looking fresh    • Artificial Honey - a Sweet Imitation    • Baker's Yeast - The Chemistry must be correct
• Unsaturated Fatty Acids - Important Components of Plant Oils    • Bromine destroys Carotene in Ketchup    • Bullrich Salt against an Excess of Gastric Acid    • Chlorine Cleaner - not completely harmless    • Amylase makes Detergents more effective    • Cellulases - Additives to Detergents    • Anionic Tensides in Powdered Laundry Detergents    • Emulgators - "Mediators" between Water and Oil    • Vitamin C - a Potent Antioxidant     • How to peel an uncooked egg     • Hard Water kills Soap    • White Wine, made from Red Wine    • White Sugar - Black Carbon
"Magical" Chemistry:    • 'One Cola and one Beer, please' - Modified Landolt Reaction     • Cocktail 'Old Nassau' - Modified Landolt Reaction     • Chemical Traffic Lights
• A Strawberry Sundae - not even delicious-looking    • It is not always gold that glitters!

Organic Chemistry Microscale Projection Experiments - Chemistry en miniature

In teaching school chemistry and in demonstrating lecture experiments at the university the visualization of chemical effects using a Leitz Prado Universal or a Fantex Experiment Projector (Leybold Didactic) proves useful. This site provides remarkable visualizations of organic experiments. Actual photographs show the progress of the reactions.
The following fields of organic chemistry are covered: additions, eliminations, substitutions and redox reactions, radicals, dyes and tests for different organic compounds.

Addition Reactions:     • Hydroxylation of Propene    • (4+2)-Cycloadditions (Diels-Alder)
Elimination Reactions:    • Dehalogenation of 1,2-Dibromopropane    • Debromination of 2,3-Dibromosuccinic acid
Substitution Reactions:    • Hydrolysis of Butyl Bromide Isomers    • Hydrolysis of tertiary Butyl Halogenides    • Nitration of Aromatics (Benzene, Phenol, 2-Naphthol)    • Reactivity of Oxalic acid diethylester and Ethyl acetate    • Reactivity of Ethyl benzoate, Ethyl 4-nitrobenzoate and Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate
Keto-Enol Tautomerism:     • Ethyl acetoacetate
Redox Reactions:    • Oxidation of Butanole Isomers    • Reduction of p-Benzoquinone by Iodide     • Oxidation of Hydroquinone by Ag Ions    • Synthesis of Quinhydrone by reaction of Hydroquinone with Benzoquinone    • Oxidation of Hydroquinone by Bromate of p-Benzoquinone by Disulfite
Radicals und Radical-Ions:    • Goldschmidt-Radical    • Reduction of Viologen Dication to Radical Cation by Electrolysis of Viologen Dichloride    • Wurster's Blue - Oxidation of N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamine using Bromine    • Oxidation of 1,3,5-Triphenylverdazyl to Verdazylium Ion
Dyes:    • Alkaline and acid Azo Dyes - Diazotation of Sulphanic acid, Reaction of Diazonium-Ion with Phenol, 1-Naphthol and 2-Naphtol    • Azo-Dyes - Diazotation of m-Nitroaniline and 1-Naphthylamine and Coupling of Diazonium Ion with 2-Naphthol    • Effect of Auxochromes on the Light Absorbance of Triphenylmethylium Salts    • Crystal violet a pH Indicator - Protonation    • Anthocyanes - pH Indicators and Complexing Agents    • Positive Solvatochromism - Application of 4,4'-Bis-dimethylamino-fuchson to the Determination of Solvent Polarities    • Negative Solvatochromism - Application of Betaines to the Determination of Solvent Polarities
Tests for different organic compounds:    • Test for Aldehydes     • Test for Starch in Food-stuffs    • Test for Sugars with Molisch Test    • Test for Desoxyribose in DNA    • Test for Ribose in RNA    • Test for Vitamin A in Cod-liver-oil    • Test for Vitamin C in Lemonade

Hydrolysis of Butyl Bromide Isomers

Anthocyanes - pH-Indicators

Elektrolysis of Viologen Dichloride

Science Demonstrations

If you try some of these demonstrations, please practice proper safety precautions and do them with the supervision of an adult or teacher. Original references may have been lost in some cases.

Demos with household and laboratory chemicals

Density::    • Mysterious Ice    • Layers of Liquids    • Layers of Liquids (II)    • Egg Densities - sugar water/oil    • Smart Eggs - salt water and acid    • Floating Eggs - sugar and water
• Floating Spheres    • Lava Lamp    • Underwater Smoke Stack    • Floating objects in water
Pressure / Gases:    • Antigravity    • Can Crusher    • Hanging water    • Magic Leaky Bottle - bottle with holes    • Egg in a Bottle    • Magic Candle    • Upside down glass in water
• Balloon in Flask    • Battle of Two Balloons    • Balloon Blown Up inside Bottle    • Film Can Space Shuttle    • Blow up Balloon with Lemon Floating Ping Pong Ball
Vinegar and Baking Soda:    • Dancing Raisins    • Fire Extinguisher    • King Kong's Hand    • Instant Suds    • Production of Foam
Miscellaneous:    • Disappearing Cup    • Peanut Race    • Needle Through a Balloon    • Ice on a String    • Shiny Pennies    • Solid Water    • Vitamin C Clock Reaction     • Black and White Reaction    • Flaming Wood Split - Oxygen and CO₂    • Fireproof Balloon    • Laws of Inertia    • Mystery Powders    • Silly Putty - Elmer's Glue    • Snow Globe

Demonstrations Requiring Chemicals from a Laboratory

Elements and Simple Compounds;    • Burning Magnesium    • Disappearing Blue - Iodine and starch     • Magic Hand - Iodine and starch    • Vitamin C Stain Remover    • Iron to Copper
• Reveal Finger Prints - Iodine Sublimation    • Swimming with Sodium    • Can Ripper     • Hydrogen Balloon    • Hydrogen Gas in Test Tube    • Auminum Burner
Polymers:    • Superball    • Nylon rope    • Poly Urethane Foam    • Slime - Guar Gum    • Gaviscon Snakes    • Ghostbusters - Polyvinyl alcohol slime    • Siphon Polymer
Chemical Reactions:    • Color Changing Powders    • Colored Bottles - three types    • Colored Bottle - two indicators    • Elephant Toothpaste    • Quick Gold - Arsenic Sulfide
• Magic Pitcher    • Pick a Drink    • Fruit Punch    • Fruit Punch to Milk    • Water to Milk    • Genie in the bottle    • Magic Wound   · Mud and Blood    • Night into Sunrise    • Red, White, and Blue reaction    • Tornado Reaction    • Traffic Light    • Cylinder of Blood    • Cylinder of Rust    • Battery Blue    • Thionin - Two Face Reaction
Solubility/ Polarity:    • Sulfur Snow    • Powder Glove    • Deep Purple Magic
Acids and Bases:    • Hidden Message - Acid/Base Indicators    • Color without Crayons    · Instant Suds    • Lemon Shell Game    • Rainbow in a Cylinder    • Rainbow Reaction - second type    • Reaction in a Baggie    • Barbie Soap or Dracula Blood    • Magic Breath - CO₂ and Limewater    • Cranberry Cocktail to Lime juice    • Disappearing Ink
Miscellaneous;    • Seeing Through Paper    • Solid Water    • Chemical Garden     • Bottle Fountain    • Bottle Fountain with Color Changes    • Burning Money     • Chemiluminescence - Glow in the Dark    • Chemiluminescence - Glow in the Dark - Second type     • Cold Pak

Top 10 Mad Science-Worthy Chemistry Experiments

Chemistry is a fascinating science, but it's often taught poorly in today's boring schools. Here's how chemistry should be taught: by mad scientists! Here's Neatorama's list of the Top 10 Mad Science-Worthy Chemistry Experiments. The site contains photos and video clips.

• 1. Briggs-Rauscher Reaction • 2. Gummy Bear and Molten Potassium Chlorate • 3. Diet Coke and Mentos • 4. Elephant Toothpaste • 5. Grape Plasma • 6. Burning Salts
• 7. Magnesium in Dry Ice • 8. Ferrofluid • 9. Mercury Beating Heartv • 10. The World of Chemistry

Versuche aus der allgemeinen Chemie

This page contains a number of experiments that took place in the first semester general chemistry laboratory course at the University of Siegen, Germany. They werephotographed and/or filmed to give current students as well as other people interested the possibility to glimpse an introductory chemistry class outside of lecture. Inaddition, a short description of the theory has been added.

• Exothermic Reaction    • Sodium and Water    • Concentrated Sulfuric Acid and Organic Substances    • Reaction of Brass with Chlorine Gas    • Enthalpy of Solution of Calcium Chloride    • Thermite Reaction    • Production of Ammonia and Proof of Ammonium Chloride    • Reaction of Metals with Nitric Acid    • Concentrated Sulfuric Acid and Water
• Producing Bromine from Hydrogen Bromide     • Burning of Magnesium    • Reaction of Aluminum with Water and Sodium Hydroxide    • Production of Carbon Monoxide    • Reaction of Metals with Hydrochloric Acid    • Gunpowder    • Reaction of Phosphorous Pentoxide with Water    • Heterogeneous Catalysts    • Temperature Dependence of the Rate
• Homogeneous Catalysts    • Oscillating Reaction    • Equilibrium of Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide    • Different Freezing Mixtures    • Electrolysis    • Oscillating Platinum Wire    • Photochlorination of Methane    • Liquid Nitrogen    • Liquid Oxygen   · Supercooled Melt    • Solubility of Gases (Ammonia Fountain)

Versuchschemie.de - Die Seite für Chemie-Versuche

Demonstration experiments - exact description of the experimental procedure, illustrations, safety precautions and disposal tips.

Show experiments:
· Red blue oscillator • Chemiluminiscense of Tetrakis-(dimethylamino)ethene • Golden rain • The fisher and his wife (oxidation steps op manganese) • Chemiluminiscense reaction with luminol • Ignition of ethanol by ozone • Artificial blood • Frosty temperatures (made by Anthrax) • Burbing magnesium in dry ice • Dessert from blood • Flashes under water • Chemical garden • Timed detonator • Polyvinyl alcohol slime • Pharao snake • Elephant toothpaste • Chemical extinguisher • Burning Euro • Blue bottle

Dessert from Blood

Miracle candle

Copper Rayon

Organic Chemistry:
• Capsaizin extract from chili    • Purification of technical acetone    • Isolation of coffeine from tea    • Sodium cetyl sulfate (a tenside)    • Extraction of piperine from black pepper    • Keto-enol-tautomerism    • Generation and behaviour of stable radicals    • Maillard reactions     • Production of coppper rayon    • Production of cellulose triacetate    • Production of a polymer from citric acid

Anorganic Chemistry:
• Seperation of dental gold    • Copper mirror    • Distillation and cleaning of mercury     • Sodium reacts with chlorine    • Magnesium reacts with iodine    • Hydrogen reduces copper oxide
• Formation of chromic peroxide    • Processing of zinc scrap     • Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with catalase    • Reaction of iron with chlorine     • Mercury mirror
• Thermochromics (changing color with temperature)    • Bromine manufacture    • A screw ends up in smoke     • Beer from mineral water    • Permanganate changes color    • A chemical stopwatch    • Miracle candles    • An oscillating iodine clock    • Sodium     • Liquid iron    • False money     • Reaction of phosphor pentoxide with water    • 5 Colors in a Solution

Videos chemischer Experimente

• Oxyhydrogen gas • Chemical garden • Colour flames • Reactions of diluted acids • Reaction of sodium with water • Reaction of zinv and sulfur • Thermite reaction
• Electrochemical series of metals • Zinc/copper battery • Decomposition of manganese dioxide (heterogenous catalysis) • Redox reaction of Fe³⁺ and S₂O₃^2–, catalyzed by Cu²⁺ (homogenous catalysis ) • Reactivity of alkanes • Reaction of zinc and sulfur • Self ignition of glycerol • Formation of quinhydrone • Catalase inhibition